一、同义重复表达错误
在标准英文写作中,主要强调文章用词和用句的简洁,一般来说,同义词或短语不能同时出现在同一个句中,否则就是同义重复表达错误。这部分题型在写作风格的考题中占很大比例,一旦掌握规律,很容易得分。
误:It never seemed like a chore: I loved the feel of the cool, moist earth and the smells, colors, and scentsof the growing carrots, eggplants, cauliflowers, bell peppers, and tomatoes.
正:It never seemed like a chore: I loved the feel of the cool, moist earth and the colors and scents of the growing carrots, eggplants, cauliflowers, bell peppers, and tomatoes.
它永远不会是无聊的工作:我喜欢潮湿土地的凉凉的触感,喜欢正在生长的胡萝卜、前子、花椰菜、柿子椒还有西红柿的气味,颜色和气味。解析:smell和scent是同义词,都有“气味”的含义,这就是典型的 redundancy的错误,同义词同时出现在同一个句中,改正的方式就是保留一个即可。
二、词义替换
此类题型很好辨别,通常题干中会出现Alternative或是LEAST acceptable等字样,而且在此类题的选项中一般不会出现NO CHANGE的选项。做此题型的关键:一是细读题干,明确题干要求是选用可以替换划线部分的词或短语,还是不可以替换的词或短语;二是分析文章中对应的划线部分的组成,弄清楚划线部分的词性,在句中充当的成分以及含义和时态等; 三是快速替换,将所选答案置于句中看是否满足题干要求。
例:The Mendoza family made their living working alternately as field hands and as touring musicians.
Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable?
A. earned their living by B. made their living from
C. made their living on D. earned their living
解析:题干中要求的是不能被接受的,也就是说正确答案应该是和划线部分表达的意思不同的选项。make one’s living(from)和 earn one’s living (by)都表示“维持生活”的意思。但选项C中made one’s living on working中的介词on用在这里是错误的,没有此种搭配。
注:这类题型要仔细回答,首先看题目是要替换还是不替换,再是看选项中的区别,慎重选择。
三、确定文章基调
确定文章基调的题型要建立在对整个段落、甚至整篇文章的理解基础之上,所以相对来说得分比较困难。解答这类题型的时候,在阅读的过程中就要关注作者在叙事的过程中使用的是第几人称,第一人称、第二人称还是其他人称,用什么样的口吻叙事,是批判的、幽默的还是二者相结合的;是否和上文叙述有关联等。此类题型,有时会有长题干长选项出现,通常都是难度较大的题,有时没有长题干,就是文章中的划线部分对应四个选项,中等难度。
例:At the end of the year, Ligia went home to Colombia. This year I’m busy with senior activities and with a part-time job. I’m trying to save enough to go and see my new sister next year.
Which of the following true sentences, if inserted here,would best conclude the essay as well as maintain the positive tone established earlier in the essay?
A.I’m afraid of flying, but I think I’ll be OK.
B.I’m eager to eventually join the workforce full time.
C.I’ve been practicing my Spanish——and my dance steps.
D.Senior activities are a lot of fun.
解析:划线部分要求的是积极的基调,在前面的文章中提到Ligia教“我”讲西班牙语和跳哥伦比亚舞蹈,而且在题干中有提到“我”明年要去看望Ligia,所以“我”才会想要一直练习西班牙语和舞步,这和文章前面的叙述是完全吻合的,所以正确答案是选项C。所以这个选项是又积极,又和前面的文章有联系的。
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